Sexuality Quiz Resubmission

Valerie 404

I chose the articles  " Attitudes and beliefs about homosexuality and same-sex marriage among a sample of South African students" and " Children having children: race innocence and sexuality education, " these articles both drew my attention, because one dealt with how  homosexuality was dealt with in another country while the other dealt with young adult girls or teenagers were having children due to the lack of knowledge on sex. The methods used for homosexuality article were using more than 100 undergraduate college students to answer a survey of eighteen questions to see how they felt about homosexuals and same sex marriage. The survey had statements to agree or disagree with, that also was worded in a strong emotion provoking way. The survey hit subjects that included the government's "thoughts" and how moral it was to be in a same sex marriage. What I predicted for the outcome of the survey's word choice seemed to be the result, many believed that it was wrong to allow for homosexuals to socially acceptable and have the same things such as a family or get married as heterosexuals do. I believe that the way that the questions were formed brought out the more religious and conservative nature of people due to the way that the statements in the survey were made.

The second article involved a more indepth study of how much sexual education their children should receive during school. This study took more than a year to complete with the interviews that were conducted with seventeen different people in variety of positions ranging from administrators to teachers to parents who participated in the debate for how the schools should educate their children on sex. The study took such a long time, because some of the interviews took half an hour while others were three hours. Most of the questions circulated over the 1990 debate of how much and what the content of the sexual education the children will receive in the future. The notes taken from this were mostly verbatim, so that the study would be  more credible. It was found that African American teenage girls were more likely to become pregnant due to the lack of education and how segregated the areas were. The places where the girls grew up were more impoverished areas where teen pregnancies were common. This study was conducted through an interviewing process and the data collected was from a recorder and verbatim notes.

sexuality lectures: audio files

Crystal Contreras

We are going to examine two articles that pertain to sexuality. The first article, "Race, Religion and Opposition to Same-sex Marriage," by Darren E. Sherkat goes in depth on examining the opposition gap for same-sex marriages between Whites and African Americans. On the other hand, "Children having Children," by Jessica Fields examines the sexuality education relationship amongst Whites and African Americans. We are going to examine the methods and findings of each article furthermore.

We are going to take a look at the methods and findings of the first article mentioned above. In this article, the data being analyzed was taken from the 1988, and 2004-2008 General Social Survey (GSS), which were the years that the GSS asked questions pertaining to same-sex marriage (Sherkat). This method of collecting data is reliable because this is the only survey that asks questions pertaining to same-sex marriages that is nationally representative (Sherkat). Independent factors such as religion and political beliefs were analyzed as the which would affect the dependent carriable, which is opposing same-sex marriages. The results of this research indicate that African Americans oppose same-sex marriages more than Whites because of their religious beliefs (Sherkat). This is so because both White Americans and African Americans belong to different religions that preach different things. African Americans affiliate with Baptist of other Sectarian groups oppose to White Americans who mainly are conservative Protestants. The racial Gap between Whites and African Americans is a product of shifting opinion (Sherkat). This is so because African Americans with a strong conservative Christian background are attending church more often therefore, are prone to oppose same-sex marriages in comparison to Whites. The findings of the article also indicate that Whites do also oppose same-sex marriages but not as much as African Americans who attend church.

Now we are going to examine "Children having Children". The methods that Fields used to collect her data was by participant observation. Fields attended school board meetings from July 1996 to September 1997. She also held qualitative interviews that lasted anywhere from 30 minutes to 3 hours and they were conducted in a variety of places (Fields). This study conducted showed that African Americans are more concerned about the content being taught to their children through sexual education in school oppose to White Americans (Fields). There is a debate on the two approaches towards teaching children abstinence through sexual education. Abstinence only sexual education promotes abstinence only. In other words, school programs are teaching children to not have sex but are also not teaching them the proper way to practice safe sex. On the other hand, abstinence-plus does teach children how to practice safe sex and the consequences of unprotected sex. This was an approach to help at risk teens and it gives them a chance to thrive (Fields). These children are considered at risk because of the inequalities that they face and are considered to have a higher chance of having sex (Fields). Just that the findings concluded that African Americans practice safe sex when it comes down to the act of it. Oppose to Whites where they are taught to not have sex at all instead of being educated on how to practice safe sex.

In conclusion both articles examine sexuality and the behaviors are compared between Whites and African Americans. The first article told us that Africans who attend church are more opposing to same-sex marriages than Whites. The second article told us that African American children practice safe sex because they are taught about the consequences of unprotected sex opposed to Whites. Both articles looked at the gap between both racial groups.

Sexuality quiz answer

Valerie 404

I chose the articles  " Attitudes and beliefs about homosexuality and same-sex marriage among a sample of South African students" and " Children having children: race innocence and sexuality education, " these articles both drew my attention, because one dealt with how  homosexuality was dealt with in another country while the other dealt with young adult girls or teenagers were having children due to the lack of knowledge on sex. The methods used for homosexuality article were using more than 100 undergraduate college students to answer a survey of eighteen questions to see how they felt about homosexuals and same sex marriage. The survey had statements to agree or disagree with, that also was worded in a strong emotion provoking way. The survey hit subjects that included the government's "thoughts" and how moral it was to be in a same sex marriage. What I predicted for the outcome of the survey's word choice seemed to be the result, many believed that it was wrong to allow for homosexuals to socially acceptable and have the same things such as a family or get married as heterosexuals do. I believe that the way that the questions were formed brought out the more religious and conservative nature of people due to the way that the statements in the survey were made.

The second article involved a more indepth study of how much sexual education their children should receive during school. This study took more than a year to complete with the interviews that were conducted with seventeen different people in variety of positions ranging from administrators to teachers to parents who participated in the debate for how the schools should educate their children on sex. The study took such a long time, because some of the interviews took half an hour while others were three hours. Most of the questions circulated over the 1990 debate of how much and what the content of the sexual education the children will receive in the future. The notes taken from this were mostly verbatim, so that the study would be  more credible. It was found that African American teenage girls were more likely to become pregnant due to the lack of education and how segregated the areas were. The places where the girls grew up were more impoverished areas where teen pregnancies were common. This study was conducted through an interviewing process and the data collected was from a recorder and verbatim notes.

Jose Villasenor

Jose Villasenor, 332 Words

For the sexuality section of the assigned readings I chose the article "Framing Strategies and Public Support for the Legalization of Marriage Between Two People of the Same Sex". This article is a study performed by Oren Pizmony-Levy and Aaron Ponce of the Indiana University. The study hoped to find whether the use of framing strategies by Social Movement Organizations (SMO) had any effect on public opinion over the legalization of same sex marriage. The researchers used data that was gathered in 2009 from a survey conducted by the Center for Survey Research at Indiana University. In order to see whether the use of framing strategies actually had an effect on public opinion, the researchers placed questions about the legalization of Marriage between people of the same sex but controlled the wording used.  The researchers used various words that Social Movement Organizations had previously used in order to frame same sex marriage as either positive or negative.  Once the data was collected, the researchers used Ordinary Least Squares regression modeling to examine it. The researchers found that the use of framing strategies by SMO's does not affect the public opinion on the legalization of same sex marriage but various sociodemographic variables do.

The "Race, Religion, and opposition to Same-Sex Marriage" article attempts to find whether religious factors are at the root of the opposition of same-sex marriage from black and white people. The researchers used data gathered from surveys from 1988 and 2004-2008. The findings demonstrated that in 1988 the support for same-sex marriage was similar between race groups. From 2004-2008 this changed and African Americans opposition increased while White opposition decreased. The researchers concluded that African Americans oppose same-sex marriage at a higher rate than other races and this is due to their religious commitment. African American people attend church at a higher rate than Whites. It is their religious values and beliefs that causes them to oppose same sex marriage because these beliefs are not accepting of same sex marriage.

 

Alline Wright

 482 words

In the first article, "Race, Religion, and Opposition to Same-Sex Marriage," researchers studied to find an accurate explanation as to why African Americans are in more opposition to same-sex marriage than whites and other ethnicities. The General Social Surveys of 1998 and 2004-2008 were analyzed because they were shown to have the best results for a good length of time. Questions were asked about same-sex marriage support, religious factors, political beliefs, cohorts and sociodemographic variables to find the highest correlation to opposition of same-sex marriage. Although Whites and other ethnicities have had a gradual decline of opposition over the last 20 years, African Americans have had no substantial changes. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to compare demographic factors to religious commitments to try and see what contributes more to the racial gap. The most crucial factors that were found in this study that fill this gap are religious affiliation and religious participation.  Sectarian Protestant Christianity is the most dominant religion and part of African American culture and are very unlikely to liberalize their attitudes towards homosexual marriage. Factors like education level, income, residence location, gender and political values had no significant impact on African Americans' views of LGBT marital rights. With Whites, there is a positive correlation between educational attainment and homosexual marriage acceptance, but it does not liberalize Blacks in the same way. Views toward civil rights of free speech and employment were surveyed and African Americans were found to be just as accepting as Whites to extend these rights to homosexuals, but marital rights are when there is a strong decline in African American support. There is also a hostility present in the African American culture towards homosexuality because of a perceived White phenomenon and thereby goes against the Black identity.

            The second article, "Racial Differences in Age at First Sexual Intercourse: Residential Racial Segregation and the Black-White Disparity Among U.S. Adolescents," analyzed five dimensions of Black and White residential racial segregation to conclude what better defines the age disparity between Black and White first encounter of sexual intercourse between 12 and 20 years; Isolation, concentration, clustering, unevenness and centralization. All five were operationalized by using their various indexes that were all set to the same scale for easy comparison of how segregated Blacks and Whites were. All person-level data from 1997-2005 were used was from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 and crucial factors were shown to be regarding age at baseline, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), family structure and whether they lived in a metropolitan area (MA). The U.S. Census 2000 data was used and the study was limited to only using data from MA's that had an African American population of more than 50% and unstable estimates were excluded. Black respondents were more likely than whites to have a low socioeconomic status and live in a single-parent home at baseline and the highly segregated MA's included had over 50 being highly concentrated and highly centralized. This means the disadvantages that African Americans face socially, economically and politically are concentrated to a higher extent and is characterized to urban areas of poverty and crowding. The most and least segregated MA's are more likely to have African Americans whom are sexually active at younger ages in adolescence than Whites. When neighborhoods are moderately integrated, the differences between sexuality in Blacks versus Whites nearly vanishes. This article analyzed how the level of residential segregation majorly impacted the racial disparity between the races' sexualities.

Alma Garcia

In the article Race, Religion, and Opposition to Same-sex Marriage there are two methods that are used to find out whether the racial difference to the same sex marriage is due to religious beliefs. The two methods used are ordinal logistic regression and the stacked structural equal models. There were two General Social Surveys (GSS) taken in 1988 an in 2004-2008. Using those numbers from those two surveys may explain if there is black-white religious beliefs due to same-sex marriage. Several churches mentioned in the article like the Southern Baptist Convention, the Church of God in Christ, and the Assembly of God belief that it is morally wrong to marry someone with the same-sex. Some findings have found that Conservative Protestant have higher rates of religious participation which also oppose to homosexuality. Research has found that that more active goers are the ones that have conservative views. Therefore, African Americans are noted to be very involved in religious organizations. Even though this is the case there have been other studies where it shows that African Americans are more supportive of civil rights unlike whites do. Whites have a 32% of being catholic with accepting homosexuality. Unlike African Americans where they are more likely to be Christian rather than catholic. African Americans have shown that they aren't very accepting towards homosexuals by the music they play, the movies that are shown, or even celebrities making statements about not liking them. Some variables that are also included in the findings are that the questions asked. For example, it included the persons relationship status, if they had kids, and how much education did the receive. The findings showed that whites declined their number from 1988 to 2004. Meanwhile, African Americans mainly stayed the same with 64% opposing same-sex marriage. Therefore, African Americans are opposed to same-sex marriage because of the religious views they carry compared to whites.

            In the article, Race Differences in Sexual Activity Among Adolescent Women: The Role of Neighborhood Characteristics, explains how there being segregation in neighborhoods risk the young adolescent women to be sexually active. Karin L. Brewster used two different methods to gather data. Those two methods are individual and aggregate level data. Black teenagers are most likely to participate in being sexually active than white adolescent females. Black teenagers have a higher rate of having negative outcomes. Studies show that in Chicago, black teens living in a poverty neighborhood limits their resources to contraceptives, which risks teenagers to get pregnant. Black teens and white teens living in a large city with harsh poverty neighborhoods are more likely to drop out of school and get pregnant than others living in a stable economic neighborhood. Young teenagers' expectations can be influenced in low wage jobs that their parents make. It gives them little motivation to achieve higher goals. A factor that can play in young teenagers being sexually active is if they live with both of their parents. The analytic strategy used is seeing how the life of blacks and white's history fall into teenagers being sexually active. Women's attitudes to abortion and what women should be doing falls into having a family. Teenagers appear to be having intercourse when they live in a low poverty neighborhood rather than teens who don't. Not everything falls into where these teenagers live, but that is one of the main aspects. If housing doesn't change then the numbers of teenagers being sexually active.